Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors have emerged as a viable technology for the treatment of wastewater. These systems leverage a membrane separation process pollutants from municipal wastewater streams, offering several strengths. A detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors is crucial to quantify their efficien

Nanobubbles, intriguing structures with unique physicochemical properties, have garnered significant interest in recent times. These microscopic voids of gas entrapped within a liquid exhibit remarkable stability and impact various phenomena in diverse domains. Generating and analyzing nanobubbles remains a demanding endeavor, requiring advanced te